Internet of Energy Approach for Sustainable Use of Electric Vehicles as Energy Storage of Prosumer Buildings

Vehicle-to-building (V2B) technology permits bypassing the power grid in order to supply power to a building from electric vehicle (EV) batteries in the parking lot. This paper investigates the hypothesis stating that the increasing number of EVs on our roads can be also beneficial for making buildings sustainably greener on account of using V2B technology in conjunction with local photovoltaic (PV) generation. It is assumed that there is no local battery storage other than EVs and that the EV batteries are fully available for driving, so that the EVs batteries must be at the intended state of charge at the departure time announced by the EV driver. Our goal is to exploit the potential of the EV batteries capacity as much as possible in order to permit a large area of solar panels, so that even on sunny days all PV power can be used to supply the building needs or the EV charging at the parking lot. A system architecture and collaboration protocols that account for uncertainties in EV behaviour are proposed. The proposed approach is proven in simulation covering one year period for three locations in different climatic regions of the US, resulting in the electricity bill reductions of 15.8%, 9.1% and 4.9% for California, New Jersey and Alaska, respectively. These results are compared to state-of-the-art research in combining V2B with PV or wind power generation. It is concluded that the achieved electricity bill reductions are superior to the state-of-the-art, because previous work is based on problem formulations that exploit only a part of the potential EV battery capacity. Document type: Articl

Requirement verification in simulation-based automation testing

The emergence of the Industrial Internet results in an increasing number of complicated temporal interdependencies between automation systems and the processes to be controlled. There is a need for verification methods that scale better than formal verification methods and which are more exact than testing. Simulation-based runtime verification is proposed as such a method, and an application of Metric temporal logic is presented as a contribution. The practical scalability of the proposed approach is validated against a production process designed by an industrial partner, resulting in the discovery of requirement violations.Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Added IEEE copyright notic

Automatic generation of repair suggestions for overall I&C architecture represented with an ontology

We present an approach for suggesting possible fixes to an overall I&C nuclear architecture during its design phase. Despite the I&C architecture, in our case, being represented with an ontology, we do not aim to change the properties of an ontology per se. Instead, we focus on the subset of ABox triples that do not contain terminological elements in either subject, predicate, or object parts. Such a subset we call the design artifacts. When the ontology is filled with the design artifacts, the analyst runs the check of non-functional requirements using SPARQL queries. The requirements associated with the queries that returned results do not hold. The goal of the current work is to provide support for the next stage when the analyst has to change the design artifacts so that the queries no longer return results. Our method is based on representing the results of queries as graphs, intersecting them, and finding the minimal changes that prevent the results from being mapped on their (or other) queries

Automatic generation of repair suggestions for overall I&C architecture represented with an ontology

We present an approach for suggesting possible fixes to an overall I&C nuclear architecture during its design phase. Despite the I&C architecture, in our case, being represented with an ontology, we do not aim to change the properties of an ontology per se. Instead, we focus on the subset of ABox triples that do not contain terminological elements in either subject, predicate, or object parts. Such a subset we call the design artifacts. When the ontology is filled with the design artifacts, the analyst runs the check of non-functional requirements using SPARQL queries. The requirements associated with the queries that returned results do not hold. The goal of the current work is to provide support for the next stage when the analyst has to change the design artifacts so that the queries no longer return results. Our method is based on representing the results of queries as graphs, intersecting them, and finding the minimal changes that prevent the results from being mapped on their (or other) queries

Automatic generation of repair suggestions for control logic of I&C systems

We present an approach for suggesting possible repairs for the control logic of I&C systems implemented in the form of function block diagrams (FBDs) during the design phase. Each FBD has a set of functional requirements formulated using linear temporal logic (LTL). To ensure the correctness of the implementation, an FBD is translated into SMV, the language of the NuSMV model checker, which verifies the model against its properties. If a property does not hold, NuSMV generates a counterexample. In previous works, we developed methods on visual counterexample explanation using both, the failing LTL formula and the FBD itself. The current work continues in this direction and utilizes the results of the counterexample explanation to suggest fixes to the FBD considering the failed properties and the whole set of requirements. We propose three strategies for fixes generation and experiment on the examples of the logic from the nuclear domain

Sitting on a gold mine: the story of the process industry's automatic formation of a digital twin

The use of a software tool chain to generate Digital Twins (DTs) automatically can speed up digitization and lower development costs. Engineering documents and system data are just two examples of source information that can be used to generate a DT. After proposing a general plan for semi-automatic generation of a DT for a process system, this work describe our efforts to extract necessary information for the generation of a DT of a process system from existing information in a factory floor like piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs). To extract initial raw model data, techniques such as image, pattern, and text recognition can be used, and then an intermediate graph model can be generated and modified based on requirements. In order to increase the system's adaptability and reliability, this research will delve deeper into the steps involved in creating and manipulating an intermediate graph model